{"id":10254,"date":"2023-08-31T13:45:44","date_gmt":"2023-08-31T11:45:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/?post_type=beleef&#038;p=10254"},"modified":"2026-01-09T12:00:11","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T11:00:11","slug":"restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum","status":"publish","type":"beleef","link":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/beleef\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\/","title":{"rendered":"Restoration of &#8216;Theatrum Orbis Terrarum&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oliver Claes has now been working as a paper and book conservator for more than a decade. This includes taking care of the conservation of The Phoebus Foundation&#8217;s topographical and historical book collection. For the past three months, Oliver&#8217;s work included the restoration of Abraham Ortelius&#8217; sixteenth-century masterpiece<em> Theatrum Orbis Terrarum<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1335\" src=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/DSC_4976-2000x1335.jpg\" alt=\"Paper and book conservator Oliver Claes at work in The Phoebus Foundation&#x2019;s studio, carrying out a book conservation treatment.\" class=\"wp-image-10226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/DSC_4976-2000x1335.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/DSC_4976-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/DSC_4976-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/DSC_4976-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/DSC_4976-2048x1367.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;The <em>Theatrum Orbis Terrarum<\/em> (&#8216;theatre of the world&#8217;) is the very first world atlas, published on the 20th of May 1570. \u00a0The map book was compiled by Antwerp-based Abraham Ortelius (1527-1598) and edited by Gillis Coppens I. Ortelius compiled the best and most reliable maps of his time in one volume. A unique feature of it is that all the maps were engraved in the same style and size on copper plates, as well as arranged by continent, region and state. This ensured that the atlas remained popular for decades and was even translated into other languages.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-8-2000x1000.png\" alt=\"Sixteenth-century book with a worn parchment binding from The Phoebus Foundation collection, before conservation.\" class=\"wp-image-10228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-8-2000x1000.png 2000w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-8-1200x600.png 1200w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-8-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-8-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-8-2048x1024.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;The condition of the book was very poor. The book block (the collection of quires) was very soiled, and the binding distorted. Moreover, it had also come loose, and the various quires revealed multiple damages and gaps. The binding made of parchment was broken and could no longer fulfil its role of protecting the book block. Furthermore, the sturdiness that a binding should provide to the book block had completely disappeared due to the lack of sturdy cartons. Upon opening the book, the fragile and coloured title page immediately became visible.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1346\" src=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/BOEK-2000x1346.png\" alt=\"Opened sixteenth-century copy of Theatrum Orbis Terrarum by Abraham Ortelius, showing the illustrated title page before conservation.\" class=\"wp-image-10242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/BOEK-2000x1346.png 2000w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/BOEK-1200x807.png 1200w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/BOEK-768x517.png 768w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/BOEK-1536x1034.png 1536w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/BOEK-2048x1378.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;The aim of the conservation was a thorough cleaning of all components, as well as filling and reinforcing the binding. To achieve this, the book had to be fully dismantled. Each gathering was individually reinforced with Japanese or Western paper, using starch paste.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-11-2000x1000.png\" alt=\"Detached gatherings and spine of a sixteenth-century book during paper and book conservation in the studio.\" class=\"wp-image-10234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-11-2000x1000.png 2000w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-11-1200x600.png 1200w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-11-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-11-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-11-2048x1024.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Afterwards, all the quires were similarly bound with twine on parchment strips. The title page was also cleaned, completed and retouched. A fun finding during the restoration of this book was that a drawn &#8220;little man&#8221; was discovered on the inside of the parchment folded over the cardboard (of the book binding). Presumably, this was a personal addition by the bookbinder.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-12-2000x1000.png\" alt=\"Detail views of a sixteenth-century copy of Theatrum Orbis Terrarum by Abraham Ortelius during book conservation, showing the gatherings and parchment binding.\" class=\"wp-image-10236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-12-2000x1000.png 2000w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-12-1200x600.png 1200w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-12-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-12-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-12-2048x1024.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-13-2000x1000.png\" alt=\"Detail of a sixteenth-century book showing a pencil sketch of a profile portrait, revealed during paper and book conservation.\" class=\"wp-image-10238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-13-2000x1000.png 2000w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-13-1200x600.png 1200w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-13-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-13-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-13-2048x1024.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;The vellum of the book binding was repaired with similar vellum and the lost cartons (covers) were filled in with acid-free cardboard.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-14-2000x1000.png\" alt=\"Sixteenth-century book during book conservation, with gatherings secured in a press and a reconstructed spine in progress.\" class=\"wp-image-10240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-14-2000x1000.png 2000w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-14-1200x600.png 1200w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-14-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-14-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-14-2048x1024.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-17-2000x1000.png\" alt=\"Paper conservator at work with wet sheets during paper conservation, alongside a stack of dried and flattened pages in the studio.\" class=\"wp-image-10246\" style=\"width:980px;height:490px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-17-2000x1000.png 2000w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-17-1200x600.png 1200w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-17-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-17-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-17-2048x1024.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;A major issue was also the lack of endpapers. These are needed as protective pages at the front and back of the book. After an unsuccessful search in various art and paper shops, I eventually had the paper made by hand by the Walloon master papermaker Pascal Jeanjean. Using a sample of the original paper, he produced a similar sheet which, like the original leaves, is also hand-made. Handmade paper can be recognised by the chain lines or watermarks that become visible when the paper is held up to the light.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pascal explained more about this himself:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cIk ervoor gekozen om grondstoffen te gebruiken die vergelijkbaar zijn met de oorspronkelijke grondstoffen van het papier van de atlas, namelijk katoenen lompen en stof. Na een behandeling van de katoenen lompen in een bad, ben ik gestart met het loskloppen van het katoen tot pulp in een Valley Beater, een moderne versie van een \u201cHollander\u201d. Deze pulp vormt dus de basis voor het latere papier. Om de juiste papierkleur te benaderen werden minerale poeders bij de papierpulp gevoegd. Calciumcarbonaat werd toegevoegd om de alkalische reserve te verhogen<\/em>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;<em>Vervolgens werd het juiste schepraam gekozen met een gelijkaardig patroon van dunne koperdraden per vierkante centimeter (gearceerd) zoals bij het originele papierstaal. Uit een grote bak werd daarmee het papier geschept. Daarna werd een stapel papier, met tussenvellen van vilt, op elkaar gestapeld en met een grote papierpers het grootste deel van het water uit het papier gehaald (60%). Met tussenvellen van speciaal karton werd het overige vocht uit de vellen gehaald.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-18-2000x1000.png\" alt=\"Sixteenth-century copy of Theatrum Orbis Terrarum by Abraham Ortelius, showing the illustrated title page and parchment binding after conservation.\" class=\"wp-image-10249\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-18-2000x1000.png 2000w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-18-1200x600.png 1200w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-18-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-18-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Untitled-design-18-2048x1024.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;The straps on which the book was joined were glued through and onto the cartons of the book binding during the rejoining of the binding and book block. This ensures that both parts stay tightly together. The new endpapers were glued to the inside of the boards (plates) of the book binding. Finally, new ribbons were added to the book binding.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Oliver Claes has now been working as a paper and book conservator for more than a decade. This includes taking care of the conservation of The Phoebus Foundation&#8217;s topographical and historical book collection. For the past three months, Oliver&#8217;s work included the restoration of Abraham Ortelius&#8217; sixteenth-century masterpiece Theatrum Orbis Terrarum. &#8220;The Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (&#8216;theatre of the world&#8217;) is the very first world atlas, published on the 20th of May 1570. \u00a0The map book was compiled by Antwerp-based Abraham Ortelius (1527-1598) and edited by Gillis Coppens I. Ortelius compiled the best and most reliable maps of his time in one volume. A unique feature of it is that all the maps were engraved in the same style and size on copper plates, as well as arranged by continent, region and state. This ensured that the atlas remained popular for decades and was even translated into other languages.&#8221; &#8220;The condition of the book was very poor. The book block (the collection of quires) was very soiled, and the binding distorted. Moreover, it had also come loose, and the various quires revealed multiple damages and gaps. The binding made of parchment was broken and could no longer fulfil its role of protecting the book block. Furthermore, the sturdiness that a binding should provide to the book block had completely disappeared due to the lack of sturdy cartons. Upon opening the book, the fragile and coloured title page immediately became visible.&#8221; &#8220;The aim of the conservation was a thorough cleaning of all components, as well as filling and reinforcing the binding. To achieve this, the book had to be fully dismantled. Each gathering was individually reinforced with Japanese or Western paper, using starch paste.&#8221; &#8220;Afterwards, all the quires were similarly bound with twine on parchment strips. The title page was also cleaned, completed and retouched. A fun finding during the restoration of this book was that a drawn &#8220;little man&#8221; was discovered on the inside of the parchment folded over the cardboard (of the book binding). Presumably, this was a personal addition by the bookbinder.&#8221; &#8220;The vellum of the book binding was repaired with similar vellum and the lost cartons (covers) were filled in with acid-free cardboard.&#8221; &#8220;A major issue was also the lack of endpapers. These are needed as protective pages at the front and back of the book. After an unsuccessful search in various art and paper shops, I eventually had the paper made by hand by the Walloon master papermaker Pascal Jeanjean. Using a sample of the original paper, he produced a similar sheet which, like the original leaves, is also hand-made. Handmade paper can be recognised by the chain lines or watermarks that become visible when the paper is held up to the light.&#8221; Pascal explained more about this himself: \u201cIk ervoor gekozen om grondstoffen te gebruiken die vergelijkbaar zijn met de oorspronkelijke grondstoffen van het papier van de atlas, namelijk katoenen lompen en stof. Na een behandeling van de katoenen lompen in een bad, ben ik gestart met het loskloppen van het katoen tot pulp in een Valley Beater, een moderne versie van een \u201cHollander\u201d. Deze pulp vormt dus de basis voor het latere papier. Om de juiste papierkleur te benaderen werden minerale poeders bij de papierpulp gevoegd. Calciumcarbonaat werd toegevoegd om de alkalische reserve te verhogen.&#8221; &#8220;Vervolgens werd het juiste schepraam gekozen met een gelijkaardig patroon van dunne koperdraden per vierkante centimeter (gearceerd) zoals bij het originele papierstaal. Uit een grote bak werd daarmee het papier geschept. Daarna werd een stapel papier, met tussenvellen van vilt, op elkaar gestapeld en met een grote papierpers het grootste deel van het water uit het papier gehaald (60%). Met tussenvellen van speciaal karton werd het overige vocht uit de vellen gehaald.\u201d &#8220;The straps on which the book was joined were glued through and onto the cartons of the book binding during the rejoining of the binding and book block. This ensures that both parts stay tightly together. The new endpapers were glued to the inside of the boards (plates) of the book binding. Finally, new ribbons were added to the book binding.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":10227,"template":"","soort_artikel":[223],"class_list":["post-10254","beleef","type-beleef","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","soort_artikel-behind-the-scenes"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Restoration of &#039;Theatrum Orbis Terrarum&#039; - The Phoebus Foundation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ontdek de restauratie van het zestiende-eeuwse Theatrum Orbis Terrarum van Abraham Ortelius, uitgevoerd door papier- en boekrestaurator Oliver Claes.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/beleef\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Restoration of &#039;Theatrum Orbis Terrarum&#039; - The Phoebus Foundation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ontdek de restauratie van het zestiende-eeuwse Theatrum Orbis Terrarum van Abraham Ortelius, uitgevoerd door papier- en boekrestaurator Oliver Claes.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/beleef\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Phoebus Foundation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ThePhoebusFoundation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-09T11:00:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/DSC_4976-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1709\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/beleef\\\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/beleef\\\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\\\/\",\"name\":\"Restoration of 'Theatrum Orbis Terrarum' - The Phoebus Foundation\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/beleef\\\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/beleef\\\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/DSC_4976-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-31T11:45:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-09T11:00:11+00:00\",\"description\":\"Ontdek de restauratie van het zestiende-eeuwse Theatrum Orbis Terrarum van Abraham Ortelius, uitgevoerd door papier- en boekrestaurator Oliver Claes.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/beleef\\\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/beleef\\\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/beleef\\\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/DSC_4976-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/DSC_4976-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1709},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/beleef\\\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Restoration of &#8216;Theatrum Orbis Terrarum&#8217;\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Phoebus Foundation\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"The Phoebus Foundation\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/03\\\/The-phoebus-foundation_logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/03\\\/The-phoebus-foundation_logo.png\",\"width\":800,\"height\":828,\"caption\":\"The Phoebus Foundation\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/phoebusfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/ThePhoebusFoundation\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/thephoebusfoundation\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Restoration of 'Theatrum Orbis Terrarum' - The Phoebus Foundation","description":"Ontdek de restauratie van het zestiende-eeuwse Theatrum Orbis Terrarum van Abraham Ortelius, uitgevoerd door papier- en boekrestaurator Oliver Claes.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/beleef\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Restoration of 'Theatrum Orbis Terrarum' - The Phoebus Foundation","og_description":"Ontdek de restauratie van het zestiende-eeuwse Theatrum Orbis Terrarum van Abraham Ortelius, uitgevoerd door papier- en boekrestaurator Oliver Claes.","og_url":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/beleef\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\/","og_site_name":"The Phoebus Foundation","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ThePhoebusFoundation","article_modified_time":"2026-01-09T11:00:11+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1709,"url":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/DSC_4976-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/beleef\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\/","url":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/beleef\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\/","name":"Restoration of 'Theatrum Orbis Terrarum' - The Phoebus Foundation","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/beleef\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/beleef\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/DSC_4976-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2023-08-31T11:45:44+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-09T11:00:11+00:00","description":"Ontdek de restauratie van het zestiende-eeuwse Theatrum Orbis Terrarum van Abraham Ortelius, uitgevoerd door papier- en boekrestaurator Oliver Claes.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/beleef\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/beleef\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/beleef\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/DSC_4976-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/DSC_4976-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1709},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/beleef\/restoration-of-theatrum-orbis-terrarum\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Restoration of &#8216;Theatrum Orbis Terrarum&#8217;"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/","name":"The Phoebus Foundation","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/#organization","name":"The Phoebus Foundation","url":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/The-phoebus-foundation_logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/The-phoebus-foundation_logo.png","width":800,"height":828,"caption":"The Phoebus Foundation"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ThePhoebusFoundation","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/thephoebusfoundation\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/beleef\/10254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/beleef"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/beleef"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/beleef\/10254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18051,"href":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/beleef\/10254\/revisions\/18051"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"soort_artikel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phoebusfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/soort_artikel?post=10254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}